Sending E-mail from ESP8266 – IoT Project

Basamma B

5 years ago

Contents

The scope of the IoT applications is growing from controlling appliances to monitoring devices (like sensors) and sending e-mails. So here I am writing an article on Sending Email from ESP8266 and it will be a step forward in the IoT Implementation.

Components Required

ESP8266
Breadboard
USB Cable

Software

SMTP Server Setup

In order to send e-mail from ESP8266 Module, we need to use the SMTP protocol. Hence, an SMTP Server is required to send the e-mails and the ESP8266 will act as an SMTP Client.

So, I have decided to use a third-party SMTP Server and I found “SMTP2GO” as a reliable choice.

Firstly click on SMTP2GO and click on Sign Up to create new account.
After creating an account, we will get verification mail to our mail ID.
The moment we confirm our e-mail address and login, SMTP Username and SMTP Password information will be displayed on server. Note: SMTP Password is different from the SMTP2GO Login Password.
Make a note of SMTP Username and SMTP Password
Now enter the Dashboard, click on “Settings” and next click on “Users”.

Sending Email from ESP8266 – SMTP2GO – SMTP Server Name and PORT number

In that, we can see the information regarding the SMTP Server and PORT number. It is usually as follows:

SMTP Server: mail.smtp2go.com
SMTP PORT: 2525

Encoding Username and Password

We need to encode the SMTP Username and SMTP Password to base64 format with ASCII Character Set.

Sending Email from ESP8266 – www.base64encode.org

Click on link to encode the Username and Password: BASE64ENCODE.
Enter your SMTP Username and Password separately.
Choose Destination Character set as “ASCII” and Newline separator as “CRLF (Windows)”.
Click on “>ENCODE<” icon to get encoded content and note down it.

Programming ESP8266

Arduino Code

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

const char* ssid = "SERVER NAME"; 
const char* password = "SERVER PASSWORD";
char server[] = "mail.smtp2go.com"; 

WiFiClient espClient;

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  delay(10);
  Serial.println("");
  Serial.println("");
  Serial.print("Connecting To: ");
  Serial.println(ssid);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
  {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println("");
  Serial.println("WiFi Connected.");
  Serial.print("IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
  byte ret = sendEmail();
}

void loop()
{
}

byte sendEmail()
{
  if (espClient.connect(server, 2525) == 1)
  {
    Serial.println(F("connected"));
  }
  else
  {
    Serial.println(F("connection failed"));
    return 0;
  }
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

  Serial.println(F("Sending EHLO"));
  espClient.println("EHLO www.example.com");
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

  espClient.println("STARTTLS");
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;*/

  Serial.println(F("Sending auth login"));
  espClient.println("AUTH LOGIN");
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

  Serial.println(F("Sending User"));

  espClient.println("Enter base64, ASCII ENCODED USERNAME"); 
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

  Serial.println(F("Sending Password"));

  espClient.println("Enter base64, ASCII ENCODED PASSWORD");
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

  Serial.println(F("Sending From"));

  espClient.println(F("MAIL From: sender@gmail.com"));
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

  Serial.println(F("Sending To"));
  espClient.println(F("RCPT To: receiver@gmail.com"));
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

  Serial.println(F("Sending DATA"));
  espClient.println(F("DATA"));
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;
  Serial.println(F("Sending email"));

  espClient.println(F("To: receiver@gmail.com"));

  espClient.println(F("From: sender@gmail.com"));
  espClient.println(F("Subject: ESP8266 test e-mail\r\n"));
  espClient.println(F("This is is a test e-mail sent from ESP8266.\n"));
  espClient.println(F("Second line of the test e-mail."));
  espClient.println(F("Third line of the test e-mail."));

  espClient.println(F("."));
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

  Serial.println(F("Sending QUIT"));
  espClient.println(F("QUIT"));
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

  espClient.stop();
  Serial.println(F("disconnected"));
  return 1;
}

byte emailResp()
{
  byte responseCode;
  byte readByte;
  int loopCount = 0;

  while (!espClient.available())
  {
    delay(1);
    loopCount++;
    if (loopCount > 20000)
    {
      espClient.stop();
      Serial.println(F("\r\nTimeout"));
      return 0;
    }
  }
  responseCode = espClient.peek();
  while (espClient.available())
  {
    readByte = espClient.read();
    Serial.write(readByte);
  }

  if (responseCode >= '4')
  {
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

Code Explanation

We are including ESP8266 WiFi library which provides ESP8266 specific WiFi routines and we are calling it to connect to the network.

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

Get and enter the “ssid” and “password” i.e., your WiFi name and password.

const char* ssid = "SERVER NAME"; 
const char* password = "SERVER PASSWORD";

Enter the SMTP server.

char server[] = "mail.smtp2go.com";

Creates a client that can connect to a specified internet IP address.

WiFiClient espClient;

Put your setup or configuration code in the setup function, it will only run once during the startup. Here in the setup function, it will initialize serial communication for debugging and logging with a baud rate of 115200.

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  delay(10);
  Serial.println("");
  Serial.println("");

Actual connection to WiFi is initialized by calling below instructions.

  Serial.print("Connecting To: ");
  Serial.println(ssid);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

Connection process can take couple of seconds. While() loop checks the module connection with the WiFi network. If it is connected to WiFi then it will display WiFi connected message on the serial monitor, otherwise it will continue to display “dots (……)”.

  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
  {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println("");
  Serial.println("WiFi Connected.");
  Serial.print("IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
  byte ret = sendEmail();
}

Put your main code in void loop() function to run repeatedly.

void loop()
{
}

This loop connects SMTP server to port 2525 and sends the email to concern person. Sender and receiver e-mail id has mentioned in the below code.

byte sendEmail()
{
  if (espClient.connect(server, 2525) == 1)
  {
    Serial.println(F("connected"));
  }
  else
  {
    Serial.println(F("connection failed"));
    return 0;
  }
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;
  Serial.println(F("Sending EHLO"));
  espClient.println("EHLO www.example.com");
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

  espClient.println("STARTTLS");
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;*/

  Serial.println(F("Sending auth login"));
  espClient.println("AUTH LOGIN");
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

Enter the ASCII encoded base64 username

  Serial.println(F("Sending User"));
  espClient.println("Enter base64, ASCII ENCODED USERNAME"); //base64, ASCII encoded Username
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

Enter the ASCII encoded base64Password

  Serial.println(F("Sending Password"));
  espClient.println("Enter base64, ASCII ENCODED PASSWORD");
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

Enter sender email address

  Serial.println(F("Sending From"));
  espClient.println(F("MAIL From: sender@gmail.com"));
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

Enter recipient email address

  Serial.println(F("Sending To"));
  espClient.println(F("RCPT To: receiver@gmail.com"));
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

Actual data sending takes place in the below steps.

  Serial.println(F("Sending DATA"));
  espClient.println(F("DATA"));
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

Enter recipient address in “To:” section, sender email address in “From:” section and in next stage enter the message which we want send via email.

  Serial.println(F("Sending email"));

  espClient.println(F("To: receiver@gmail.com"));
  espClient.println(F("From: sender@gmail.com"));
  espClient.println(F("Subject: ESP8266 test e-mail\r\n"));
  espClient.println(F("Sending Email from ESP8266.\n"));
  espClient.println(F("Happy New Year."));
 
  espClient.println(F("."));
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

  Serial.println(F("Sending QUIT"));
  espClient.println(F("QUIT"));
  if (!emailResp())
  return 0;

  espClient.stop();
  Serial.println(F("disconnected"));
  return 1;
}

byte emailResp()
{
  byte responseCode;
  byte readByte;
  int loopCount = 0;

This loop continuously monitors the espClient availability. If available it will wait for 20 seconds and if nothing is received it will stop the connection.

  while (!espClient.available())
  {
    delay(1);
    loopCount++;
    if (loopCount > 20000)
    {
      espClient.stop();
      Serial.println(F("\r\nTimeout"));
      return 0;
    }
  }
  responseCode = espClient.peek();
  while (espClient.available())
  {
    readByte = espClient.read();
    Serial.write(readByte);
  }

  if (responseCode >= '4')
  {
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

Working

In the above code we have mentioned Sender e-mail Id and receiver e-mail id. The e-mail will be send from sender to receiver after uploading the code to ESP8266, .