Electronics tutorials including microcontroller, microprocessor, programing and circuits. Intended for beginners, electronics hobbyists, college students, professionals and educational purposes.

Blinking LED using PIC Microcontroller with Hi-Tech C

A lot of you may heard about microcontrollers and its applications. Well it is a bit difficult to start learning microcontrollers. And the guides and tutorials also do not start from zero level which makes learning far more difficult than anticipated. I have tried to start from zero level in here also. All you need is the simplest knowledge of electronics or digital circuits. But you surely should have a decent knowledge of C language. The software for programming Microchip microcontrollers...

Interfacing Keypad with 8051 Microcontroller using Keil C

Matrix Keypad Matrix Keypads are commonly used in calculators, telephones etc where a number of input switches are required. We know that matrix keypad is made by arranging push button switches in row and columns. In the straight forward way to connect a 4x4 keypad (16 switches) to a microcontroller we need 16 inputs pins. But by connecting switches in the following way we can read the status of each switch using 8 pins of the microcontroller. 4x4-Matrix-Keypad The status of each keys...

Introduction to Simulink in MATLAB

Simulink (Simulation and link) is developed by MathWorks as an add-on with MATLAB. It is a graphical programming language which offers modelling, simulation and analyzing of multi domain dynamic systems under Graphical User Interface (GUI) environment. The Simulink have tight integration with the MATLAB environment and have a comprehensive block libraries and toolboxes for linear and nonlinear analyses. The system models can be so easily constructed via just click and drag operations. The Simulink comes handy while dealing with control theory...

Signal Operations in MATLAB

Here I'm going to discuss about basic signal operations that can be done in MATLAB. Visit our tutorial guide on MATLAB to get familar with the basic concepts. This tutorial includes : Addition Subtraction Multiplication Shifting a Signal Reversing a Signal Linear Convolution of 2 signals  Addition Addition can be carried out  using the ' + ' symbol and plotting will give you the result. Eg : x=[1 2 3 4]; subplot(3,1,1); stem(x); title('X'); y=[1 1 1 1]; subplot(3,1,2); stem(y); title('Y'); z=x+y; subplot(3,1,3); stem(z); title('Z=X+Y'); OUTPUT : Plot of Signal Addition With Same time Index NOTE: In the above example index value  of both the signals  x...

Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi (also known as RPi or RasPi in short) is an ultra low cost single board credit card sized computer developed with an intention of teaching computer programming to school students. It is developed in United Kingdom (UK) by Raspberry Pi foundation which is a registered charity. It follows licensed manufacturing and are sold in partnership with  Premier Farnell/Element 14 and RS Components. We can buy Raspberry Pi online from these companies. Actually it is a miniature ARM based PC which can...

Interfacing Servo Motor with Atmega32 Microcontroller

Servo Motor Servo Motor is a DC Motor equipped with error sensing negative feedback to control the exact angular position of the shaft. Unlike DC Motors it will not rotate continuously. It is used to make angular rotations such as 0-90°, 0-180° etc. Stepper Motors can also be used for making precise angular rotations. But Servo Motors are preferred in angular motion applications like robotic arm, since controlling of servo motors are simple, needs no extra drivers like stepper motor and...

Interfacing DC Motor with Atmega32 Microcontroller

In some of your electronic projects you may want to control a DC Motor with Atmega32 Microcontroller. We can't connect a DC Motor directly to a microcontroller due to following reasons. A microcontroller can't supply the current required for the working of DC Motor. ATmega32 Microcontroller can source or sink currents up to 40mA but a DC Motor needs current very much more than that. The negative voltages created due to the back emf of the motor may affect the proper functioning of the microcontroller. You may need to...

Interfacing Servo Motor with 8051 using Keil C

A servo motor uses servo mechanism, which is a closed loop mechanism that uses position feedback to control the precise angular position of the shaft. Stepper Motors, which is an open loop system can also be used for precise angular control. But Servo Motors are preferred in angular motion applications such as robotic arm. Moreover controlling of servo motors are very simple, easy and needs no extra hardware like stepper motor. Usually hobby circuit servo motors have three wires. Two of them...

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